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Prediction of selected biodiesel fuel properties using artificial neural network

Solomon O. GIWA,Sunday O. ADEKOMAYA,Kayode O. ADAMA,Moruf O. MUKAILA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 433-445 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0383-5

摘要： Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to replace fossil-based diesel fuel. It has fuel properties similar to diesel which are generally determined experimentally. The experimental determination of various properties of biodiesel is costly, time consuming and a tedious process. To solve these problems, artificial neural network (ANN) has been considered as a vital tool for estimating the fuel properties of biodiesel, especially from its fatty acid (FA) composition. In this study, four ANNs have been designed and trained to predict the cetane number (CN), flash point (FP), kinematic viscosity (KV) and density of biodiesel using ANN with logsig and purelin transfer functions in the hidden layer of all the networks. The five most prevalent FAs from 55 feedstocks found in the literature utilized as the input parameters for the model are palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids except for density network with a sixth parameter (temperature). Other FAs that are present in the biodiesels have been considered based on the number of carbon atom chains and the level of saturation. From this study, the prediction accuracy and the average absolute deviation of the networks are CN (96.69%; 1.637%), KV (95.80%; 1.638%), FP (99.07%; 0.997%) and density (99.40%; 0.101%). These values are reasonably better compared to previous studies on empirical correlations and ANN predictions of these fuel properties found in literature. Hence, the present study demonstrates the ability of ANN model to predict fuel properties of biodiesel with high accuracy.

关键词： biodiesel     fuel properties     artificial neural network     fatty acid     prediction    

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Potential hybrid feedstock for biodiesel production in the tropics

Solomon GIWA,Oludaisi ADEKOMAYA,Collins NWAOKOCHA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 329-336 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0408-8

摘要： Recently, mixture of different oils at various proportions have been used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The primary aim is to improve fuel properties which are strongly influenced by the fatty acid composition of the individual oil that makes up the feedstock mix. The tropics are renowned for abundant oil-bearing crops of which palm kernel oil (PKO) from palm seed and groundnut oil (GNO) are prominent. This present paper investigated biodiesel production from hybrid oil (HO) of PKO (medium carbon chain and highly saturated oil) and GNO (long carbon chain and highly unsaturated oil) at 50/50 (v/v) blending. The principal fatty acids (FAs) in the HO are oleic (35.62%) and lauric acids (24.23%) with 47.80% of saturated FA and 52.26% of unsaturated FA contents. The chemical conversion of the oil to methyl ester (ME) gave 86.56% yield. Fuel properties of hybrid oil methyl ester (the HOME) were determined in accordance with standard test methods and were found to comply with both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The oxidative stability, cetane number and kinematic viscosity (KV) of HOME were observed to be improved when compared with those of GNO methyl ester from single parent oil, which could be accredited to the improved FA composition of the HO. The KV (3.69 mm /s) of HOME obtained in this paper was remarkably low compared with those reported in literature for most biodiesels. This value suggests better flow, atomization, spray and combustion of this fuel. Conclusively, the binary blend of oils can be a viable option to improve the fuel properties of biodiesel feedstock coupled with reduced cost.

关键词： groundnut oil     palm kernel oil     methyl ester     fuel properties     tropics     fatty acid composition    

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烘焙对厨余垃圾堆肥特性影响

杨秋,顾菁,王亚琢,袁浩然,何明阳,孙富安

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第3期   页码 109-116 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.016

摘要：

厨余垃圾数量的不断增加对环境造成了严重影响，目前厨余垃圾堆肥化产生的厨余垃圾堆肥品质较差，并且易对土壤造成污染。本文探讨厨余垃圾堆肥在五个不同烘焙温度（250 ℃、300 ℃、350 ℃、400 ℃和450 ℃）、停留时间30 min 条件下获得固体产物的燃料品质和燃烧特性。结果表明，烘焙对厨余垃圾堆肥样品燃料品质（元素分析、工业分析、热值、Cl含量、质量产率和能量产率）和燃烧特性有明显影响。随着烘焙温度的升高，烘焙固体产物的固定碳和C 含量、热值等提高；Cl 含量降低，可以有效抑制燃烧过程中二噁英前驱体的生成，减少二次污染。烘焙后的厨余垃圾堆肥的燃烧放热主要在固定碳燃烧阶段，总体燃烧放热量增加，燃烧特性改善。厨余垃圾堆肥的烘焙温度宜选择250~300 ℃。烘焙预处理对厨余垃圾堆肥燃料特性有明显的改善作用，可以实现厨余垃圾堆肥无害化、减量化和资源化利用。

关键词： 烘焙     厨余垃圾堆肥     生物质     燃料品质     燃烧特性    

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Combustion and emissions of RP-3 jet fuel and diesel fuel in a single-cylinder diesel engine

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 664-677 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0787-3

摘要： The combustion characteristics and emission behaviors of RP-3 jet fuel were studied and compared to commercial diesel fuel in a single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine. Engine operational parameters, including engine load (0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 MPa indicating the mean effective pressure (IMEP)), the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), and the fuel injection timing (−20, −15, −10, and −5 ° crank angle (CA) after top dead center (ATDC)) were adjusted to evaluate the engine performances of RP-3 jet fuel under changed operation conditions. In comparison to diesel fuel, RP-3 jet fuel shows a retarded heat release and lagged combustion phase, which is more obvious under heavy EGR rate conditions. In addition, the higher premixed combustion fraction of RP-3 jet fuel leads to a higher first-stage heat release peak than diesel fuel under all testing conditions. As a result, RP-3 jet fuel features a longer ignition delay (ID) time, a shorter combustion duration (CD), and an earlier CA50 than diesel fuel. The experimental results manifest that RP-3 jet fuel has a slightly lower indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) compared to diesel fuel, but the ITE difference becomes less noticeable under large EGR rate conditions. Compared with diesel fuel, the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions of RP-3 jet fuel are higher while its soot emissions are lower. The NOx emissions of RP-3 can be effectively reduced with the increased EGR rate and delayed injection timing.

关键词： RP-3 jet fuel     diesel     engine     combustion     emissions    

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Impacts of methanol fuel on vehicular emissions: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1553-4

摘要：

● Methanol effectively reduces CO, HC, CO2, PM, and PN emissions of gasoline vehicles.

关键词： Methanol fuel     Vehicular emission     Emission reduction     Cleaner fuel     Gasoline substitute    

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Failure mode investigation of fuel cell for vehicle application

Zhongjun HOU, Renfang WANG, Keyong WANG, Weiyu SHI, Danming XING, Hongchun JIANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 318-325 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0488-0

摘要： The durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been posing a key technical challenge to commercial spread of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). To improve the durability, it is necessary to optimize the fuel cell system (FCS) design against failure modes. The fuel cell durability research method at FCS scale was exhibited, and the failure modes of fuel cell were experimentally investigated in this paper. It is found that the fuel cell dry operation, start/stop cycle and gas diffusion layer (GDL) flooding are typical failure modes of fuel cells. After the modifications against the failure modes, the durability of FCSs is improved to over 3000 h step by step.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)     fuel cell system (FCS)     durability     failure mode     fuel cell vehicle (FCV)     carbon corrosion     water management    

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Numerical investigation of the effects of fuel spray type on the interaction of fuel spray and hot porous

ZHAO Zhiguo, XIE Maozhao

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 59-65 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0022-5

摘要： The interaction between two types of fuel spray and a hot porous medium is studied numerically by using an improved version of KIVA-3V code. The improved KIVA-3V code is incorporated with an impingement model, a heat transfer model and a linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to model the hollow cone spray. An evaporating fuel spray impingement on a hot plane surface was simulated under conditions of experiments performed by Senda to validate the reasonability of the KIVA-3V code. The numerical results conform well with experimental data for spray radius in the liquid and the vapor phases. Computational results on the interaction of two types of the fuel spray and the hot porous medium show that the fuel spray can be split, which provides conditions for quick evaporation of fuel droplets and mixing of fuel vapor with air. The possibility of fuel droplets from hollow cone spray crossing the porous medium reduces compared with that from solid cone spray, with the same initial kinetic energy of fuel droplets in both injection types.

关键词： improved version     impingement     atomization     hollow     radius    

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Recent advances in cathode electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells

Junliang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 137-148 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0153-y

摘要： Great progress has been made in the past two decades in the development of the electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This review article is focused on recent advances made in the kinetic-activity improvement on platinum- (Pt-) based cathode electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The origin of the limited ORR activity of Pt catalysts is discussed, followed by a review on the development of Pt alloy catalysts, Pt monolayer catalysts, and shape- and facet-controlled Pt-alloy nanocrystal catalysts. Mechanistic understanding is reviewed as well on the factors contributing to the enhanced ORR activity of these catalysts. Finally, future directions for PEMFC catalyst research are proposed.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)     cathode electrocatalysts     platinum     oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)    

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TiO supported IrO for anode reversal tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 852-861 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0811-7

摘要： Fuel starvation can occur and cause damage to the cell when proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate under complex working conditions. In this case, carbon corrosion occurs. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts can alleviate carbon corrosion by introducing water electrolysis at a lower potential at the anode in fuel shortage. The mixture of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and unsupported OER catalyst not only reduces the electrolysis efficiency, but also influences the initial performance of the fuel cell. Herein, Ti4O7 supported IrOx is synthesized by utilizing the surfactant-assistant method and serves as reversal tolerant components in the anode. When the cell reverse time is less than 100 min, the cell voltage of the MEA added with IrOx/Ti4O7 has almost no attenuation. Besides, the MEA has a longer reversal time (530 min) than IrOx (75 min), showing an excellent reversal tolerance. The results of electron microscopy spectroscopy show that IrOx particles have a good dispersity on the surface of Ti4O7 and IrOx/Ti4O7 particles are uniformly dispersed on the anode catalytic layer. After the stability test, the Ti4O7 support has little decay, demonstrating a high electrochemical stability. IrOx/Ti4O7 with a high dispersity has a great potential to the application on the reversal tolerance anode of the fuel cell.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)     fuel starvation     cell reverse     reversal tolerance anode     oxygen evolution reaction    

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Current challenge and perspective of PGM-free cathode catalysts for PEM fuel cells

Gang WU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 286-298 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0477-3

摘要： To significantly reduce the cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, platinum-group metal (PGM)-free cathode catalysts are highly desirable. Current M-N-C (M: Fe, Co or Mn) catalysts are considered the most promising due to their encouraging performance. The challenge thus has been their stability under acidic conditions, which has hindered their use for any practical applications. In this review, based on the author’s research experience in the field for more than 10 years, current challenges and possible solutions to overcome these problems were discussed. The current Edisonian approach (i.e., trial and error) to developing PGM-free catalysts has been ineffective in achieving revolutionary breakthroughs. Novel synthesis techniques based on a more methodological approach will enable atomic control and allow us to achieve optimal electronic and geometric structures for active sites uniformly dispersed within the 3D architectures. Structural and chemical controlled precursors such as metal-organic frameworks are highly desirable for making catalysts with an increased density of active sites and strengthening local bonding structures among N, C and metals. Advanced electrochemical and physical characterization, such as electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy should be combined with first principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations to fully elucidate the active site structures.

关键词： oxygen reduction     fuel cells     cathode     nonprecious metal catalysts     carbon nanocomposites    

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Renewable synthetic fuel: turning carbon dioxide back into fuel

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 145-149 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0828-6

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A comprehensive assessment on the durability of gas diffusion electrode materials in PEM fuel cell stack

Arunkumar JAYAKUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 325-338 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0618-y

摘要： Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is the most promising among the various types of fuel cells. Though it has found its applications in numerous fields, the cost and durability are key barriers impeding the commercialization of PEM fuel cell stack. The crucial and expensive component involved in it is the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) and its degradation, which limits the performance and life of the fuel cell stack. A critical analysis and comprehensive understanding of the structural and functional properties of various materials involved in the GDE can help us to address the related durability and cost issues. This paper reviews the key GDE components, and in specific, the root causes influencing the durability. It also envisages the role of novel materials and provides a critical recommendation to improve the GDE durability.

关键词： PEM fuel cell     gas diffusion electrode(GDE)     gas diffusion layer(GDL)     membrane electrode assembly     durability     fuel cell catalyst    

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A methodology for regulating fuel stratification and improving fuel economy of GCI mode via double main-injection

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 678-691 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0859-z

摘要： Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion faces problems such as high maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) and combustion deterioration at high loads. This paper aims to improve the engine performance of the GCI mode by regulating concentration stratification and promoting fuel-gas mixing by utilizing the double main-injection (DMI) strategy. Two direct injectors simultaneously injected gasoline with an octane number of 82.7 to investigate the energy ratio between the two main-injection and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion and emissions. High-load experiments were conducted using the DMI strategy and compared with the single main-injection (SMI) strategy and conventional diesel combustion. The results indicate that the DMI strategy have a great potential to reduce the MPRR and improve the fuel economy of the GCI mode. At a 10 bar indicated mean effective pressure, increasing the main-injection-2 ratio (Rm-2) shortens the injection duration and increases the mean mixing time. Optimized Rm-2 could moderate the trade-off between the MPRR and the indicated specific fuel consumption with both reductions. An appropriate EGR should be adopted considering combustion and emissions. The DMI strategy achieves a highly efficient and stable combustion at high loads, with an indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) greater than 48%, CO and THC emissions at low levels, and MPRR within a reasonable range. Compared with the SMI strategy, the maximum improvement of the ITE is 1.5%, and the maximum reduction of MPRR is 1.5 bar/°CA.

关键词： gasoline compression ignition     injection strategy     fuel stratification     high efficiency     high load    

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A hybrid fuel cell for water purification and simultaneously electricity generation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1611-6

摘要：

● A novel hybrid fuel cell (F-HFC) was fabricated.

关键词： Flow-through field     Hybrid fuel cell     Polyoxometalates     Water purification     Electricity generation    

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Effect of distributions of fuel concentration and temperature on ignition processes in a diesel PCCI

Yang YU, Wanhua SU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 269-279 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0046-5

摘要： The distributions of fuel concentration and temperature have significant effect on the ignition processes of diesel premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion. It was found in this study that the ignition process of PCCI combustion organized by multi-pulse injection was strongly influenced by conditions of fuel stratification. The start of low temperature reactions occurred in the leaner area of the combustion chamber in the test engine because the temperature here first reached the point of low temperature reactions. Ignition always occurred in the position where the mixture featured with equivalence ratios close to the mean equivalence ratio of the overall mixture, while the neighboring area of the initial ignition area accumulate heat with a finite speed until finally autoigniting. Moreover, the appearance of highest combustion temperature occurred in the same area at the combustion chamber. For more homogeneous mixture, a higher amount of mixture reached ignition simultaneously, resulting in a larger initial ignition area and a higher temperature at the ignition area. Furthermore, V-type distribution of equivalence ratio was found to be beneficial to retarding high temperature reaction.

关键词： PCCI     fuel stratification     multi-pulse injection     ignition    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Prediction of selected biodiesel fuel properties using artificial neural network

Solomon O. GIWA,Sunday O. ADEKOMAYA,Kayode O. ADAMA,Moruf O. MUKAILA

期刊论文

Potential hybrid feedstock for biodiesel production in the tropics

Solomon GIWA,Oludaisi ADEKOMAYA,Collins NWAOKOCHA

期刊论文

烘焙对厨余垃圾堆肥特性影响

杨秋,顾菁,王亚琢,袁浩然,何明阳,孙富安

期刊论文

Combustion and emissions of RP-3 jet fuel and diesel fuel in a single-cylinder diesel engine

期刊论文

Impacts of methanol fuel on vehicular emissions: A review

期刊论文

Failure mode investigation of fuel cell for vehicle application

Zhongjun HOU, Renfang WANG, Keyong WANG, Weiyu SHI, Danming XING, Hongchun JIANG

期刊论文

Numerical investigation of the effects of fuel spray type on the interaction of fuel spray and hot porous

ZHAO Zhiguo, XIE Maozhao

期刊论文

Recent advances in cathode electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells

Junliang ZHANG

期刊论文

TiO supported IrO for anode reversal tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

期刊论文

Current challenge and perspective of PGM-free cathode catalysts for PEM fuel cells

Gang WU

期刊论文

Renewable synthetic fuel: turning carbon dioxide back into fuel

期刊论文

A comprehensive assessment on the durability of gas diffusion electrode materials in PEM fuel cell stack

Arunkumar JAYAKUMAR

期刊论文

A methodology for regulating fuel stratification and improving fuel economy of GCI mode via double main-injection

期刊论文

A hybrid fuel cell for water purification and simultaneously electricity generation

期刊论文

Effect of distributions of fuel concentration and temperature on ignition processes in a diesel PCCI

Yang YU, Wanhua SU,

期刊论文